新北瑞芳礦鄉自清末探勘、日本殖民開發至國民政府接管，輪番上演著黑金、黃金的榮景與消逝。今日，層次豐富的產業文化景觀，在時光中凝鍊光采，不斷吸引各領域人士到訪探索。 本展覽從曾親身參與礦事的時代藝術家—倪蔣懷、蔣瑞坑、洪瑞麟等人的畫作出發，挖掘出地方文化動能；藉由藝術家之眼，遙想礦事現場的形貌。展覽以藝術家的畫作圖像與AR 擴增實境的互動設計，呈現出精簡流暢卻深刻生動的礦事記述，帶給觀者具有穿越感的視覺體驗。
From the early exploration in late Qing Dynasty and through the development during the Japanese Colonial time to the takeover of the ROC Government, Ruifang, known as the mining township in New Taipei City, witnessed the great prosperity and bitter loss of the coal and gold mines. Over time, this rich heritage has condensed into a narrative of brilliance that continues to attract people from all fields to visit and explore this remarkable industrial culture. The exhibition features the paintings of contemporary artists who personally participated in the mining. They are Ni Chiang-Huai, Chiang Jui-Keng, and Hung Jui-Lin. Through their images, we unearth the local cultural dynamics and through their visions, we are able to imagine the conditions of the mine sites. In the exhibition, replicated paintings and interactive AR devices present a concise yet profound and vivid narrative of mining and draw the viewers into a visual experience and a sense of time travel.
圖像來源：國家圖書館
瑞
芳
礦
業
介
紹
前言：因礦而生之地
A Place Born of Mining
位於北臺灣的瑞芳，於日治時期以前即有採礦紀錄，最早如1825年顏家看上航運的發展而開始在焿子寮從事煤礦事業；1890年鐵路工人於基隆河發現砂金，則意外掀起淘金熱潮，後續並開啟採金事業。甲午戰爭後，日人積極引進新機械與技術，進行探勘與採煉，才真正帶起北臺灣的礦業產值。 四腳亭礦區為日治時期最重要的產煤區，也是促進臺灣煤礦產業朝向現代化發展的起點；二戰後，李家承購猴硐瑞三煤礦，並持續開發新礦區，也為猴硐帶來一段豐收歲月。九份與金瓜石地區則因含金露頭的開挖，於日治時期起就不斷創造豐厚產值，1933年的金瓜石更曾因為金礦產值再創高峰，而獲「亞洲第一貴金屬礦山」美名。 只是礦業也不斷遭受外力影響，全球尺度的礦價下跌、主要能源的改變、加上接連不斷的礦災及環境議題，讓瑞芳的礦業逐漸沒落。但取而代之恢復綠意的山城中，礦業的鑿痕隱隱顯露，如嶄新的礦，至今仍使人流連忘返，也創造出以礦業為基調的觀光旅遊產業。瑞芳可說是因礦而生之地，無論礦業興盛或沒落，始終因礦而嶄露其特殊。
Mining in Ruifang began before the Japanese colonial period. As early as 1825, the Yan family started their mining business in the Gengziliao area due to the development in steam shipping. In 1890, railway workers discovered gold in the Keelung River, which set off a gold rush, followed by extensive gold mining. After the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese introduced new machinery and technology for the exploration and mining of minerals and precious metals, a systematic effort which really boosted the mining output of northern Taiwan. Sijioting was the most important coal mining area during the Japanese colonial period. It was the starting point of the modernization of Taiwan’s coal mining industry. After World War II, the Li family opened the Ruisan Coal Mine in Houtong and continued to develop new mining areas, which led to a period of prosperity in Houtong. During the Japanese colonial period, the excavation of the rich gold-bearing outcrops in the Jiufen and Jinguashi areas continued to create substantial wealth. In 1933, Jinguashi gained the reputation as “The No. 1 Precious Metal Mine in Asia” as its output of gold reached a new peak. Sadly, the mining industry was constantly affected by external forces. The global decline in mineral prices, changes in major energy sources, multiple mining disasters and environmental concerns led to the gradual decline of Ruifang’s mining industry. The mining town was slowly reclaimed by vegetation of the mountains, yet the history of mining was conserved and the mines were restored to such an extent that the town now has become the center of a successful tourism industry that attracts thousands of visitors every year. We can say that Ruifang is a place born of mining. The mining boom of the past as well as the decline of the industry provides a sense of drama that makes the town truly unique.
瑞芳礦業發展
Development of Mining in Ruifang
1825
顏家於焿子寮採煤，為此區最早有民營礦業的紀錄。
The Yen family mined coal in Gengziliao, becoming the earliest recorded private mining business in the region.
1890
基隆河砂金被發現，吸引大批淘金人潮。
Sand gold was discovered in Keelung River, creating a gold rush.
1896
臺灣總督府頒布《臺灣鑛業規則》，以今基隆山為界，東為「金瓜石礦山」，以西為「瑞芳礦山」。
The Government-General of Taiwan issued the “Rules Governing Mining in Taiwan,” dividing the area with present-day Keelung Mountain into the Jinguashih Mines to the east and “Ruifang Mines” to the west.
1897
臺灣總督府以四腳亭地區作為海軍的預備煤田，停止此區採煤作業。
The Government-General designated the Sijiaoting area as a coal reserve for the navy and banned coal mining in the area.
1902
藤田組將九份部分礦區承租給顏家經營。
The Fujita Company leased some mines in Jiufen to the Yen family.
1903
牡丹坑開礦，與瑞芳礦山與金瓜石礦山合稱「基隆三金山」。
Mudankeng Mines opened and came to be referred to as the “three gold mountains of Keelung” with the Ruifang and Jinguashih mines.
1904
四腳亭煤礦購置機械設備，開鑿大斜坑，造成同業仿效，煤礦進入現代化開採。
Mechanical equipment was installed at Sijiaoting Mines. Slope mines were developed, which other mining operations also adopted, modernizing coal mining for the whole industry.
1905
金瓜石本山礦床發現豐富的硫砷銅礦，開啟臺灣煉銅產業。
Rich enargite deposits were discovered in Benshan, Jinguashih, kickstarting the copper refining industry in Taiwan.
1907
臺灣總督府重新開放四腳亭部分煤田採礦權。
The Government-General partially lifted the ban on coal mining in Sijiaoting.
1914
顏雲年承租瑞芳礦山所有礦權，並與日人合作開採四腳亭煤礦區。
Yen Yun-nian leased the entire Ruifang Mines and collaborated with the Japanese in mining coal in Sijiaoting.
1918
三井物產株式會社與顏雲年等人共同出資成立「基隆炭礦株式會社」。
Mitsui & Co. and Yen Yun-nian co-financed Keelung Coal Mining Company.
1920
顏家成立臺陽鑛業株式會社，成為同時掌控金與煤的大企業。
The Yen family founded Taiyang Mining Company, becoming a powerful business that controlled both gold and coal.
1933
日本礦業株式會社收買金瓜石礦山，並擴充設備，使金產量大增。
Japan Mining Company acquired Jinguashih Mines, expanded equipment, and thus greatly increased gold production.
1934
李家承租猴硐礦權，並經營煤礦開採。
The Li family leased the mining rights in Houtong and operated coal mining.
1949
臺陽礦業股份有限公司成立。
Taiyang Mining Co. Ltd. Was founded.
1954
李家成立「瑞三鑛業股份有限公司」，為全臺最大煤礦公司。
The Li family founded Ruisan Mining Co. Ltd., which was the largest coal company in Taiwan.
1955
臺灣金屬鑛業股份有限公司（臺金公司）成立。
Taiwan Metal Mining Co. Ltd. (TMM) was founded.
1971
停止開採九份金礦。
Gold mining in Jiufen ceased.
1987
臺金公司結束經營。
TMM ceased operations.
1990
瑞三煤礦停採。
Ruisan stopped coal mining.
用畫筆見證時代
的藝術家
Artists bearing witness to time
with their paintbrushes
礦業是人與土地緊密互動的行業。人云「三更窮，四更富，五更起大厝」，不論是為了維持生計，或是夢想一夕致富，礦工們都得拿著命與自然拚搏。這些辛苦且危險的勞動景象，撼動當年的礦工藝術家—倪蔣懷、蔣瑞坑、洪瑞麟等人的心靈，從而透過他們的畫筆，留下了動人的紀錄。
Mining is an industry where men closely interact with the land. The unpredictable fortune of the miners has been neatly captured in the following words: “Just a while ago they were poor, then the next moment they’ll get rich, and soon they’ll have their houses built.” Whether it's to make ends meet or the dream of getting rich overnight, miners have to fight against nature, risking their lives. The hard and dangerous work and the extraordinary visual scenes moved the hearts of miner artists such as Ni Chiang-Huai, Chiang Jui-Keng, Hung Jui-Lin who, through their paintbrushes, created vivid and touching records of the life and struggle in the mines.
坑中的生存拼搏
The struggle for survival in the pit
礦坑中的工作極為艱辛，坑道內的環境更是惡劣，經常存在坍塌、氣體洩漏、火災等許多風險。礦工們必須在狹隘的工作場域內，面對各種急迫的挑戰。透過這些作品粗獷的筆觸與濃厚的色彩，讓人可以感受到在坑道內工作的艱辛。畫面中蓄積的高度能量，更隱隱傳達出礦工身上積累的汗水與塵土下不斷奮進的身影。
Work in the mines was extremely difficult. The harsh environment in the tunnels involved many risks, many of them life-threatening dangers such as collapses, gas leaks, and fires. Miners had to face serious challenges within the narrow working area. Through the rough artistic brushstrokes and thick patches of color, we sense the claustrophobic intensity of the work in the tunnels. The faint figures of the miners, constantly digging ahead and covered with sweat and dust, creates a crescendo of accumulated energy in the picture.
與礦共生的容顏
A face that coexists with the mine
礦坑不同於地表世界，有著另類運作的步調，工人們依循著地底下的遊戲規則穿梭其間。礦坑也是一個微型社會，礦工們組成生命共同體，對生死的觀念，有著超出言語外的默契。從礦工肖像畫中，我們看到每一張面容輪廓與軀體線條，像是崎嶇嶙峋之地，堅毅中透露一絲淡然。
Life in the deep mines is different from the world on the surface. It operates at a different pace. The workers shuttle through mineshafts and tunnels and follow the rules of the game in the underground. The mine is a miniature society. The miners form a community of shared life and have a tacit understanding of the concept of life and death that goes beyond words. From the portraits of miners, we see that every facial contour and body line are marked with the furrows of experience like a rugged land and they all express a hint of indifference amid the perseverance.
因礦而變的地貌
The landscape changed by the mine
山城歷經百年來的發展，興衰起落、人口消長，已不復當年的地景地貌。地表下的世界已然停歇；地表上則開啟不同的篇章。透過畫作，我們仿佛看見那個不容易的年代，在地表上下微微喘息著。
Through the last hundred years, the mountain town has experienced the ups and downs of the mining business and the growth and decline of population. The landscape is no longer the same it was back then. The underground world has stopped, but a different chapter has begun on the surface. Through the pictures, we are able to see and experience that dramatic and difficult era, as if the past breathing deep down in the mineshafts still manages to move the earth’s surface ever so slightly up and down.